The Heaven of Saturn, where are seen the Spirits of the Contemplative "This planet," says Brunetto Latini, "is cruel, felonious, and of a cold nature." Dante, Convito, II. 14, makes it the symbol of Astrology. "The Heaven of Saturn," he says, "has two properties by which it may be compared to Astrology. The first is the slowness of its movement through the twelve signs ; for, according to the writings of Astrologers, its revolution requires twenty-nine years and more. The second is, that it is the highest of all the planets. And these two properties are in Astrology; for in completing its circle, that is, in learning it, a great space of time passes ; both on account of its demonstrations, which are in any of the above-mentioned sciences, and on account of the experience which is necessary to judge rightly in it. And, the moreover, it is the highest of all ; for, as Aristotle says at the beginning of his treatise on the Soul, Science is of high nobility, from the nobleness of its subject, and from its certainty ; and this more than any of the above-mentioned is noble and high, from its noble and high subject, which is the movement of the heavens; and high and noble from its certainty, which is without any defect, as one that proceeds from a most perfect and regular source. And if any one thinks there is any defect in it, the defect is not on the side of the Science, but, as Ptolemy says, it comes from our negligence, and to that it should be attributed." Of the influences of Saturn, Buti, quoting Albumasar, says: "The nature of Saturn is cold, dry, melancholy, sombre, of grave asperity, and may be cold and moist, and of ugly colour, and is of much eating and of true love. . . . And it signifies ships at sea, and journeyings long and perilous, and malice, and envy, and tricks, and seductions, and boldness in dangers,. . . . and singularity, and little companionship of men, and pride and magnanimity, and simulation and boasting, and servitude of rulers, and every deed done with force and malice, and injuries, and anger, and strife, and bonds and imprisonment, truth in words, delight, and beauty, and intellect; experiments and diligence in cunning, and affluence of thought, and profoundness of counsel. . . . And it signifies old and ponderous men, and gravity and fear, lamentation and sadess, embarrassment of mind, and fraud, and affliction, and destruction, and loss, and dead men, and remains of the dead; weeping and orphanhood, and ancient things, ancestors, uncles, elder brothers, servants and muleteers, and men despised, and robbers, and those who dig graves, and those who steal the garments of the dead, and tanners, vituperators, magicians, and warriors, and vile men."
Semele, the daughter of Cadmus, who besought her lover, Jupiter, to come to her, as he went to Juno, " in all the pomp of his divinity." Ovid, Met., III., Addison's Tr.:--
"The mortal dame, too feeble to engage
The lightning's flashes and the thunder's rage,
Consumed amidst the glories she desired,
And in the terrible embrace expired."
To the Planet Saturn, which was now in the sign of the Lion, and sent down its influence warmed by the heat of this constellation.
The peaceful reign of Saturn, in the Age of Gold.
"As in Mars," comments the Ottimo, "he placed the Cross for a stair-way, to denote that through martyrdom the spirits had ascended to God; and in Jupiter, the Eagle, as a sign of the Empire; so here he places a golden stairway, to denote that the ascent of these souls, which was by contemplation, is more supreme and more lofty than any other."
Shakespeare, Macbeth, III. 2:--
"The crow
Makes wing to the rooky wood."
Henry Vaughan, The Bee:--
"And hard by shelters on some bough
Hilarion's servant, the wise crow."
And Tennyson, Locksley Hall:--
"As the many-wintered crow that leads the clanging rookery home."
The spirit of Peter Damiano.
Beatrice.
Because your mortal ear could not endure the sound of our singing, as your mortal eye could not the splendour of Beatrice's smile.
As in Canto XII. 3
"Began the holy millstone to revolve."
As in Canto XIV. 40:--
"Its brightness is proportioned to its ardour,
The ardour to the vision and the vision
Equals what grace it has above its worth."
Amoug the Apennines, east of Arezzo, rises Mount Catria, sometimes called, from its forked or double summit, the Forca di Fano. On its slope stands the monastery of Santa Croce di Fonte Avellana. Troya, in his Veltro Allegorico, as quoted in Balbo's Life